RTHWESTERN 


UNIVERSITY 


Courses  in  Chemistry 


Practical  Training  for 
Analytical,  Sanitary, 
Pharmaceutical,  Commercial, 
Manufacturing,  Engineering 
and  Mining  Chemists 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  BUILDING 

Cor.  Lake  and  Dearborn  Streets  : : : : CHICAGO 


FACULTY. 


Edmund  Janes  James,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  University . 
Oscar,  Oldberg,  Pharm.  D.,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Pharmacy. 
Inorganic  and  Analytical  Chemistry — 

Professor  Theodore  Whittelsey,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Goet- 
tingen), Director  of  Inorganic  Chemical  Laboratories. 

Mr.  David  Charles  Eccles,  Sc.  B.,  A.  M.  (Columbia  University). 

Mr.  Gustave  E.  P.  Lundell,  Sc.  B.  (Cornell  University). 

Mr.  Leonard  A.  Johnson,  Ph.  C.  (Nprthwestern  University). 

Mineralogy , Blowpipe  Analysis  and  Mineral  Assaying — 

Professor  Alja  Robinson  Crook,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Munich). 

Director  of  the  Laboratories  for  Mineralogy  and  Ore  Assaying. 

Organic  Chemistry — 

Professor  Harry  Mann  Gordin,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Berne), 
Director  of  the  Organic  Chemical  Laboratory. 

Assistant  Professor  Charles  W.  Patterson,  Sc.  B.,  Ph.  C. 
( N orth wes t er n U niver sity ) . 

Botany,  Miscoscopy,  Pharmacognosy  and  Bacteriology — 

Professor  Raymond  H.  Pond,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Michigan), 
Director  of  the  Laboratories  for  Botany,  Microscopy  and  Bac- 
teriology. 

Mr.  Gerhard  H.  Jensen,  Sc.  B.  (Cornell  University). 

Manufacturing  and  Pharmacy — 

Professor  Oscar  Oldberg,  Pharm.  D.  (honoris  causa). 

Director  of  the  Manufacturing  and  Dispensing  Laboratories. 

Assistant  Professor  Maurice  A.  Miner,  Pharm.  M.  (University 
of  Michigan). 

Mr.  David  Charles  Eccles,  Sc,  B.,  A.  M.  (Columbia  University). 
Mr.  John  Eerdinand  Fischnar,  Ph.  C.  (Northwestern  University). 
Physiology  and  Materia  Medica — 

Assistant  Professor  Harry  Kahn,  Pharm.  M.  (University  of 
Michigan),  M.  D.  (Northwestern  University). 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 

— 

COURSES  IN  CHEMISTRY 

NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  BUILDING 


87  LAKE  STREET 
CHICAGO 


In  response  to  numerous  requests  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity has  decided  to  offer  the  facilities  of  University  Build- 
ing at  the  corner  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  streets,  Chicago,  to 
students  who  wish  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  occupation 
of  general,  sanitary  and  commercial  analytical  chemists  and 
microscopists  and  for  work  in  chemical  and  pharmaceutical 
manufacturing  laboratories.  The  program  of  work  arranged 
for  this  purpose  is  designed  to  prepare  the  student  for  the 
duties  to  be  performed  by  chemists  and  microscopists  under 
the  food  and  drug  laws,  as  well  as  for  other  work  usually  per- 
formed by  public  analysts  or  commercial  chemists,  and  it  in- 
cludes also  mineralogy  and  mineral  assaying.  It  is  believed 
that  the  rapid  growth  of  the  chemical  industries  of  the  coun- 
try and  the  adoption  of  national  and  state  pure  food  and 
drug  laws  will  largely  increase  the  demand  for  such  workers. 

The  instruction  will  be  given  in  the  laboratories  of  the 
University’s  School  of  Pharmacy,  which  occupies  the  entire 
fourth  floor  of  the  University  Building.  A program  of  work 
has  been  arranged  extending  through  four  terms  of  eighteen 
weeks  each.  Lectures  will  be  given  on  inorganic,  organic  and 
analytical  chemistry  and  in  mineralogy,  botany  and  micro- 
scopy, together  with  laboratory  training  in  general  inorganic 
and  organic  chemistry,  qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis. 
Special  courses  will  be  given  in  the  analysis  of  iron  ores,  iron 
and  steel,  slags  and  cement,  the  “wet  assay”  of  ores  of  cop- 
per, lead  and  zinc  and  the  “fire  assay”  of  ores  of  gold  and 
silver;  the  examination  of  water,  milk,  butter,  cheese,  bever- 
ages, drugs,  oils,  fats,  soaps,  etc. ; in  commercial  microscopy 
as  applied  to  drugs,  spices,  foodstuffs,  textiles  and  other  com- 
modities, and  in  the  manufacture  of  pure  chemical  and 
pharmaceutical  preparations  from  the  raw  materials. 


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Courses  in  Chemistry. 


The  laboratory  work  in  this  programme  amounts  to  about 
1,700  hours,  extending  through  two  years. 

Certificates  in  due  form  will  be  given  upon  satisfactory 
completion  of  these  courses.  Students  who  have  in  addition 
completed  two  full  years  of  college  work  in  the  arts  and 
sciences  exclusive  of  chemistry  may  receive  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science. 

NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  BUILDING. 

In  1902  the  University  purchased  the  seven-story  build- 
ing at  the  southeast  cornef  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  streets 
and  completely  remodeled  it  for  the  use  of  its  Schools  of  Law, 
Pharmacy  and  Dentistry.  The  building  is  160  by  180  feet 
and  is  provided  with  steam  heat,  electric  lights  and  electric 
elevators.  The  School  of  Pharmacy  occupies  the  entire  fourth 
floor  of  this  building,  together  with  an  additional  laboratory 
on  the  first  floor.  An  adequate  conception  of  the  ample  facil- 
ities thus  provided  may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  the 
laboratories  afford  convenient  desk  room  for  300  students, 
working  at  one  time,  each  at  his  own  individual  desk. 

The  location  of  the  building  assures  to  students  in  fullest 
measure  the  educational  opportunities  which  residence  in  a 
large  city  affords.  The  building  is  at  the  edge  of  the  whole- 
sale district  of  the  city  and  the  business  houses  dealing  in  the 
most  various  products  of  the  chemical  industries  are  repre- 
sented in  the  immediate  neighborhood.  Its  easy  access  to  all 
the  means  of  transportation,  extending  into  the  manufactur- 
ing and  industrial  districts  of  Chicago,  bring  these  also  within 
reach  of  the  students. 

Three  of  the  splendid  public  libraries  of  Chicago  are  in 
the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  building.  Of  these  the 
John  Crerar  Library,  which  is  the  scientific  library  of  the 
city  and  is  unusually  complete  in  chemical  literature,  is  withj 
in  five  minutes  walk.  Chicago  is  one  of  the  greatest  centers 
of  commerce,  manufacture,  education,  art  and  every  form  of 
useful  human  activity,  and  life  in  it,  under  the  safeguards 
which  university  membership  provides,  may  be  made  a potent 
factor  in  the  development  of  character  and  strength. 

LABORATORIES. 

The  laboratory  instruction  will  be  given  in  the  following 
laboratories : 

1.  Laboratory  of  Inorganic  Chemistry,  for  the  intro- 
ductory courses  in  inorganic  and  analytical  chemistry,  with  a 


Northwestern  University. 


3 


floor  space  of  1,536  square  feet. 

2.  Laboratory  for  Quantitative  Analysis,  with  a floor 
space  of  1,428  square  feet. 

3.  Laboratory  of  Organic  Chemistry,  for  the  courses 
in  organic  chemistry  and  the  analysis  of  drugs,  foods  and 
water,  with  a floor  space  of  1,846  square  feet. 

4.  Laboratory  for  Microscopy  and  Pharmaeography, 
for  the  microscopical  study  and  examination  of  plants,  drugs 
and  foodstuffs,  with  a floor  space  of  1,224  square  feet. 

5.  The  Manufacturing  Laboratory,  for  practice  in  the 
production  of  chemicals  and  pharmaceutical  preparations, 
with  a floor  space  of  2,289  square  feet, 

6.  The  Laboratory  for  Ore  Assaying  is  in  Fayer weather 
Hall  of  Science  at  Evanston. 

7.  The  Bacteriological  Laboratory,  with  a floor  space 
of  864  square  feet. 

8.  The  Dispensing  Laboratory,  with  a floor  space  of 
1,507  square  feet. 

These  laboratories  are  thoroughly  equipped  with  desks, 
water,  gas,  furnaces,  balances  and  microscopes  and  other  fix- 
tures and  apparatus  needed  in  the  various  courses. 

THE  LIBRARY. 

The  library  of  the  School  of  Pharmacy,  in  addition  to  its 
very  complete  equipment  in  pharmaceutical  journals,  both  the 
bound  volumes  of  the  previous  years  and  the  periodicals  cur- 
rently received,  contains  the  following  specifically  chemical 
journals : 

Berichte  der  deutschen  chemischen  Gessellschaft, 

Chemisches  Centralblatt. 

Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society  (London). 

Zeitschrift  fur  analytische  Chemie. 

Zeitschrift  fur  anorganische  Chemie. 

A well  selected  library  of  standard  text-books,  diction- 
aries, monographs  and  other  reference  books  on  pure  chem- 
istry and  on  analytical  and  industrial  chemistry. 

This  library  is  open  to  all  students  at  specified  hours 
and  the  current  journals  are  accessible  to  them  at  all  times. 


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Courses  in  Chemistry. 


BRIEF  DESCRIPTION  of  COURSES 

for  the 

TRAINING  OF  ANALYTICAL  CHEMISTS 
AND  MICROSCOPISTS 


offered  by  Northwestern  University  at  University  Building, 
corner  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  streets,  Chicago. 

INORGANIC  AND  ANALYTICAL  CHEMISTRY. 

1.  — General  Inorganic  Chemistry . — An  introductory  course  in 
which  the  student  lays  the  foundation  necessary  for  successful  work 
in  the  other  courses  in  chemistry  and  in  the  courses  in  pharmacy. 
The  elementary  principles  of  the  science  are  developed  in  connection 
with  the  consideration  of  oxygen,  hydrogen,  nitrogen  and  the  other 
especially  important  non-metallic  elements.  This  is  followed  by  a 
systematic  study  of  all  the  common  chemical  elements  and  their 
compounds. 

Lectures,  illustrated  by  experiments,  three  hours  weekly. — Pro- 
fessor Whittelsey.  Recitations,  two  hours  weekly  in  sections  as  as- 
signed.— Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Eccles. 

This  course  extends  through  eighteen  weeks  and  is  accompanied 
in  the  laboratory  by  courses  2 and  3A. 

2.  — General  Inorganic  Chemistry , Laboratory  Work. — This 
course,  together  with  the  lectures  and  recitations  described  in  course 
3A  and  course  1,  form  an  integral  course,  the  discussion  of  the 
theories  of  the  science  in  the  lecture  room  being  based  in  large  part 
on  the  experiments  performed  in  the  laboratory.  There  the  student 
prepares  the  more  important  elements  and  their  compounds  and  ob* 
serves  the  physical  and  chemical  properties  of  each.  Since  a per- 
functory performance  of  the  laboratory  work  is  regarded  as  but  little 
more  than  valueless,  emphasis  is  laid  on  the  logical  and  discriminating 
interpretation  of  the  results  of  the  experiments. 

About  twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each 
extending  through  about  nine  weeks. — Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr. 
Lundell ; Mr.  Johnson. 

3A. — Qualitative  Analysis  (Known  Substances). — Study  in  the 
laboratory  and  class  room  of  the  methods  of  separation  and  identi- 
fication of  the  principal  bases  and  acids,  together  with  the  reactions 
involved. 

In  this  course  the  practical  requirements  of  the  pharmacist  and 
chemist  in  the  intelligent  application  of  the  identity  and  purity  tests 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  are  kept  in  view. 

About  twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — 
Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell;  Mr.  Johnson.  Recitations 


Northwestern  University. 


5 


and  written  reviews,  one  or  two  hours  weekly  in  sections  as  as- 
signed.— Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Eccles. 

3B. — Qualitative  Analysis  (Unknown  Substances). — The  analysis 
of  mixed  substances,  the  composition  of  which  is  unknown  to  the 
student,  and  the  detection  of  impurities  in  pharmaceutical  and  com- 
mercial chemicals. 

Twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each  through 
nine  weeks. — Piofessor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell;  Mr.  Johnson. 

4.  — Quantitative  Analysis , Chiefly  Volumetric. — An  introduction 
to  the  methods  and  underlying  principles  of  quantitative  analytical 
work  through  the  study  of  typical  methods.  Due  attention  is  paid 
to  the  use  of  the  standard  “ volumetric  test-solutions  ’ 1 of  the  phar- 
macopoeia. 

Twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each  through 
nine  weeks,  with  lectures  and  written  exercises  one  hour  a week. — 
Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell ; Mr.  Johnson. 

5.  — Quantitative  Analysis , Chiefly  Gravimetric. — This  course  of 
laboratory  practice  in  gravimetric  methods  of  analysis  includes 
twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — Professor 
Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell. 

6.  — Urine  Analysis , Qualitative  and  Quantitative. — The  detection 
and  determination  of  constituents  of  urine  which  are  of  importance 
in  the  diagnosis  of  disease. 

Twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — Elective . 
— Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell. 

7.  — Advanced  Quantitative  Analysis. — An  extension  of  courses  4 
and  5,  leading  to  the  analysis  of  materials  of  technical  and  indus- 
trial importance.  Iron  ores,  iron  and  steel,  slags,  cements  and  ce- 
ment materials,  alloys,  and  the  wet  assay  of  ores  of  copper,  lead, 
zinc,  etc. 

Fifty-four  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each,  extending 
through  eighteen  weeks. — Professor  Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell. 

For  further  courses  in  Analytical  Chemistry  see  Mineralogy  and 
Organic  Chemistry  courses  5,  6 and  7. 

Mineralogy  and  Blowpipe  Analysis. — Mineralogy,  elements 
of  crystallography,  descriptive  mineralogy,  including  physical  prop- 
erties, chemical  composition,  occurrence  and  association  of  minerals; 
determination  of  minerals  by  physical  characteristics.  Blowpipe 
analysis. 

Lectures  and  laboratory  work,  six  hours  weekly  through  eighteen 
weeks. — Professor  Crook. 

Mineral  Assaying. — Fire  assay  for  base  metals,  and  scorifi- 
cation,  cupellation,  parting  and  weighing  of  gold  and  silver.  Crucible 
processes  for  assay  of  precious  metals  and  general  methods  for  cop- 
per, lead  and  zinc. 

Lectures  and  laboratory  work,  seven  hours  weekly  through  eigh- 
teen weeks. — Professor  Crook. 

ORGANIC  CHEMISTRY. 

1. — General  and  Pharmaceutical  Organic  Chemistry. — A course 

of  lectures  and  recitations  on  the  general  principles  of  organic  chem- 


6 


Courses  in  Chemistry. 


istry  with  the  study  of  the  most  important  carbon  compounds  and 
their  classification.  Particular  attention  is  given  to  substances  em- 
ployed in  medicine  and  pharmacy,  such  as  the  important  alcohols, 
ethers,  aldehydes,  acids,  chloroform,  chloral,  certain  compounds  of 
the  aromatic  series,  the  so-called  “ synthetics  ’ ’ of  the  newer  materia 
medica,  etc. 

About  ninety  lectures  and  recitations,  extending  through  eighteen 
weeks. — Professor  Gordin . 

3.  — Organic  Chemical  Operations. — Laboratory  instruction  in  or- 
ganic chemistry,  including  the  processes  of  testing  organic  com- 
pounds for  the  detection  of  impurities  and  adulterations;  practical 
study  of  methods  of  taking  melting  points  and  boiling  points;  identi- 
fication and  examination  of  modern  organic  compounds  such  as  the 
so-called  synthetics;  quantitative  estimations  of  certain  organic  sub- 
stances such  as  formic  aldehyde,  etc.  The  production  of  a variety 
of  ethers  and  other  organic  compounds,  including  several  of  the  newer 
remedies  such  as  acetanilide,  etc. 

Twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — Professor 
Gordin. 

4.  — Special  Course  on  Alkaloids,  Glucosides,  etc.-— A course  of 
about  eighteen  lectures  upon  the  alkaloids,  glucosides  and  other 
definite  chemical  compounds  contained  in  drugs  and  other  plant  sub- 
stances. Their  compositirn,  separation,  identification,  properties  and 
relationships. — Professor  Gordin. 

5.  — Food  and  Sanitary  Analysis. — The  examination  of  water  to 
determine  its  potableness  and  fitness  for  household  uses,  and  the 
examination  of  milk,  butter,  cheese,  beverages  and  food  products 
generally,  and  such  other  work  as  is  usually  required  of  public 
analysts  for  sanitary  purposes. 

Twelve  hours  laboratory  work  weekly  through  eighteen  weeks. — 
Assistant  Professor  Patterson. 

6.  — Drug  Assaying. — Practice  in  the  separation,  identification  and 
estimation  of  alkaloids.  Valuation  of  drugs  and  preparations  and 
related  products. 

Fifty-four  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — Assistant 
Professor  Patterson. 

BOTANY,  MICROSCOPY  AND  PHARMACOGNOSY. 

1. — General  Botany,  including  Organography  and  Taxonomy. — 
A course  of  lectures  and  recitations  designed  to  give  the  student  a 
good  general  conception  of  the  great  plant  groups,  to  present  the 
facts  most  essential  to  an  intelligent  study  of  vegetable  drugs,  to 
elaborate  and  recapitulate  the  lessons  of  the  work  in  the  micro- 
scopical laboratory,  and  to  impart  a knowledge  of  the  classification 
of  plants  and  the  rules  of  nomenclature. 

About  two  hours  weekly  through  eighteen  weeks. — Professor 
Pond. 

2A. — The  Microscope  and  How  to  Use  It. — A study  of  the  optical 
properties  of  mirrors  and  lenses  especially  applied  to  the  mechanism 
and  manipulation  of  the  compound  microscope.  Actual  practice  in 
manipulation  is  given,  including  methods  of  determining  magnification. 


Northwestern  University. 


7 


The  very  best  imported  instruments  with  1-inch  and  14-inch 
objectives,  two  eye-pieces,  double  nose-piece,  coarse  and  fine  ad- 
justment, and  all  other  important  accessories  are  furnished  to  all 
students. 

This  course  is  a necessary  preparation  for  courses  2B  and  3. 

2B. — The  Microscopic  Structure  of  Plants. — A laboratory  course 
especially  designed  to  prepare  the  student  for  the  examination  of 
drugs  and  other  vegetable  raw  materials  with  reference  to  the  deter- 
mination of  their  identity  and  quality,  and  for  the  detection  of 
adulterations  in  powdered  substances.  Particular  emphasis  is  placed 
upon  the  anatomy  of  roots,  stems  and  leaves.  A special  study  is 
made  of  starch  granules,  aleurone  and  crystals.  Each  student  is 
assigned  a microscope  for  his  own  individual  use  and  is  furnished 
with  an  especially  prepared  laboratory  guide.  Cutting  sections,  prep- 
aration of  mounts  and  use  of  micro -reagents  are  daily  practiced. 

Five  hours  laboratory  work  weekly  through  eighteen  weeks, 
including  course  2A. — Professor  Pond  and  Mr.  Jensen. 

3.  — Pharmacognosy. — A study  of  medicinally  and  industrially  im- 
portant plant  substances.  About  two  hundred  of  the  most  important 
drugs,  spices  and  other  raw  materials  of  vegetable  origin  are  thor- 
oughly studied.  A study  is  made  of  the  outer  and  in  many  cases 
of  the  inner  structure.  Notes  are  made  of  the  characteristic  features, 
and  spurious  articles  and  adulterants  also  examined.  Special  effort 
is  made  to  develop  a capacity  to  intelligently  interpret  and  apply 
the  pharmacopceial  descriptions  for  the  identification  of  drugs  and 
to  form  a correct  judgment  of  their  quality.  Demonstrations  are 
made  from  specimens  of  drugs  and  other  substances  likely  to  be 
confused  with  each  other,  but  which  may  be  distinguished  oy  their 
respective  structural  differences. 

The  laboratory  is  abundantly  supplied  with  materials,  both  dry 
and  alcoholic,  permanent  mounts  and  choice  museum  specimens. 

Five  hours  laboratory  work  weekly  through  eighteen  weeks,  with 
lectures  and  recitations  one  hour  weekly. — Professor  Pond  and  Mr. 
Jensen. 

4.  — Commercial  Microscopy. — A course  designed  to  afford  the 
requisite  training  for  the  duties  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Chemist  and 
Public  Microscopist,  including  the  examination  of  powdered  drugs, 
spices,  foodstuffs,  etc.  Specially  prepared  cross  and  longitudinal 
sections  of  whole  specimens  are  supplied  for  comparison  with  the 
tissue  elements  as  found  in  powders.  A thorough  study  of  the  vari- 
ous kinds  of  starch  is  made.  Hairs  and  textile  fibers  are  studied. 
Training  is  given  in  microtechnique,  including  micrometry  and  work 
with  the  camera  lucida  and  polariscope.  Special  methods  for  the 
isolation  and  determination  of  the  structural  elements  of  woods, 
stems,  leaves,  barks,  roots,  rhizomes,  seeds,  fruits,  glands  and  spores. 

The  laboratory  is  amply  supplied  with  appropriate  reagents. 

Six  hours  weekly  through  eighteen  weeks. — Professor  Pond  and 
Mr.  Jensen. 


MANUFACTURING. 

1. — Weights , Measures  and  Chemical  Arithmetic. — Principles  of 
metrology.  The  metric  system.  The  customary  weights  and  measures 
of  America  and  Great  Britain.  Weighing  and  measuring.  Balances 


8 


Courses  in  Chemistry . 


and  weights.  Specific  weight  and  specific  volume.  Instruments  em- 
ployed in  determining  mass  and  volume  and  their  relations.  Working 
formulas  expressed  in  fixed  quantities  and  in  il  parts  by  weight. 1 1 

Actual  practice  in  pharmaceutical  problems  connected  with  the 
metric  system ; the  relations  of  weight  and  volume ; percentage 
strength;  problems  in  diluting  and  strengthening  alcohol,  solutions 
and  preparations,  and  other  calculations  commonly  occurring  in 
pharmaceutical  work  and  in  manufacturing. 

Lectures,  text-book  work  and  class  exercises,  two  hours  weekly 
through  eighteen  weeks. — Mr.  Eccles . 

2.  — Materials. — Preparatory  study  of  the  materials  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  pharmaceutical,  chemical  and  industrial  products. 

This  course  is  designed  to  impart  to  the  student  a sufficient 
degree  of  practical  familiarity  with  the  general  character  and  prop- 
erties of  important  classes  of  raw  materials  out  of  which  he  must 
later  make  finished  preparations.  Both  inorganic  and  organic  raw 
materials  are  discussed  to  the  extent  to  which  this  may  be  profit- 
ably done  in  advance  of  the  study  of  their  chemistry  to  which  this 
practical  introduction  to  their  physical  properties  is  a most  helpful 
preliminary. 

The  general  physical  properties  and  behavior  of  the  most  im- 
portant classes  of  constituents  of  plants,  such  as  cellulose,  starch, 
pectin,  mucilage,  sugars,  albumin,  fixed  oils,  volatile  oils,  resins, 
tannin,  amara,  glucosides  and  alkaloids  are  reviewed  sufficiently  to 
render  the  practical  study  of  their  extraction  or  elimination,  and  the 
manufacture  of  preparation  of  plant  substances,  intelligent  and 
effective. 

About  eighteen  lectures  and  recitations.  Laboratory  work  sup- 
plementing the  lessons  taught  in  these  lectures  is  included  in  course 
6. — Professor  Oldberg. 

3.  — Manipulations. — A preparatory  course  of  lectures  and  recita- 
tions on  laboratory  operations  employed  in  making  and  purifying 
pharmaceutical,  chemical  and  other  industrial  products.  The  course 
covers  such  processes  as  those  of  powdering,  solution,  filtration,  evap- 
oration, crystallization,  distillation,  precipitation,  methods  of  extrac- 
tion, including  percolation,  etc. 

Two  hours  weekly.  Laboratory  practice  is  given  in  course  6. — 
Mr.  Eccles. 

4.  — Products. — General  review  of  pharmaceutical  and  other  simi- 
lar preparations.  In  this  course  the  products  studied  are  taken  up 
in  classes  according  to  their  general  character  and  modes  of  prepara- 
tion. Powders,  triturations,  masses,  troches,  tablets,  pills,  capsules. 
Cataplams,  ointments,  cerates,  plasters,  suppositories,  bougies.  Solu- 
tions, waters,  mucilage,  syrups,  glycerites,  emulsions.  Infusions,  de- 
coctions. Tinctures,  wines,  fluid  extracts  and  other  liquid  extracts. 
Solid  extracts,  oleresins,  precipitated  resins,  etc. 

Lectures  and  recitations  two  hours  weekly  through  eighteen 
weeks. — Professor  Oldberg. 

5.  — Applied  Inorganic  Pharmaceutical  and  Manufacturing  Chem- 
istry.— The  principles  specially  governing  the  processes  by  which 
inorganic  chemical  products  are  made.  The  selection  of  materials  and 
methods.  Since  the  chemical  products  which  are  pharmaceutically 


Northwestern  University. 


9 


important  embrace  not  only  the  chemicals  which  are  used  in  medicine 
alone  but  almost  all  the  products  which  are  industrially  important 
this  course  covers  practically  all  kinds  of  inorganic  chemical  prepa- 
rations. 

Lectures  and  recitations,  two  hours  weekly  through  eighteen 
weeks.  Supplemented  by  courses  6 and  7. — Professor  Oldberg. 

6.  — Preparatory  Laboratory  Course  in  the  Study  of  the  Materials 
and  Operations  of  Manufacturing . — Experimental  work  on  the  phy- 
sical properties  and  behavior  of  the  raw  materials  and  constituents 
referred  to  in  course  2.  The  separation  of  the  constituents  from  the 
crude  plant  substances  and  from  each  other,  and  the  manufacture  of 
certain  products  in  the  preparation  of  which  the  general  character 
of  the  materials  may  be  most  effectively  studied. 

The  manipulations  discussed  in  course  3 are  exemplified  by 
actual  practice,  and  the  work  selected  is  such  as  will  best  familiar- 
ize the  student  with  the  apparatus  employed,  the  most  common 
materials  operated  upon,  the  methods  and  manipulations,  and  the 
simpler  preparations.  Thus  a part  of  the  work  consists  of  examples 
of  the  purification  of  commercial  chemicals  by  recrystallization  and 
by  other  means.  The  inorganic  substances  operated  upon  include 
the  most  common  metals,  the  common  acids  and  alkalies,  oxides, 
salts  and  other  compounds,  with  which  the  student  thus  acquires 
a sufficiently  extensive  and  living  practical  familiarity  to  greatly 
facilitate  his  grasp  of  the  science  of  chemistry. 

This  course  consists  of  fifty-four  laboratory  periods  of  three 
hours  each  through  eighteen  weeks. — Assistant  Professor  Miner  and 
Mr.  Fischnar . 

7.  — Laboratory  Practice  in  the  Manufacture  of  Inorganic  Chemi- 
cal Preparations. — A great  variety  of  inorganic  chemicals  are  manu- 
factured by  the  students,  including  typical  examples  of  nearly  all 
classes  of  compounds.  Particular  attention  is  given  to  pharmaceutical 
and  industrial  chemicals  of  special  importance  or  interest  or  afford- 
ing especially  instructive  practice.  Among  the  raw  materials  em- 
ployed in  the  Manufacturing  Laboratory  are  many  minerals  and 
other  crude  natural  products  in  order  that  students  may  have 
practical  experience  in  making  finished  chemical  preparations  out  of 
the  cheapest  and  most  common  materials  that  can  be  successfully 
used.  Other  and  purer  materials  are,  of  course,  also  employed  when- 
ever requisite. 

Fifty-four  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each,  extending 
through  eighteen  weeks. — Assistant  Professor  Miner  and  Mr.  Fischnar. 

8.  — Pharmacy  of  the  Organic  Drugs. — The  important  manufac- 
tured preparations  of  individual  plant  drugs.  The  relation  of  the 
constituents  of  the  drugs  to  the  methods  employed  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  their  extracts,  liquid  and  solid,  and  other  important  products. 
A thorough  discussion  of  the  scientific  principles  governing  the 
pharmacy  of  organic  drugs  and  the  preservation  of  their  preparations. 

Lectures  and  recitations  two  hours  weekly  through  eighteen 
weeks. — Professor  Oldberg. 

13. — Laboratory  Practice  in  the  Production  of  Miscellaneous 
Organic  and  Inorganic  Pharmaceutical  and  Industrial  Products. — 
Advanced  work  in  the  Manufacturing  Laboratory. 


10 


Courses  in  Chemistry . 


About  thirty-four  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each,  ex- 
tending through  eighteen  weeks. — Professor  Miner  and  Mr.  Fischnar. 


The  following  additional  courses  are  given  in  the  School  of 
Pharmacy  in  the  program  of  work  leading  to  the  Degree  of  Pharma- 
ceutical Chemist.  Students  successfully  pursuing  these  courses  in 
addition  to  those  outlined  above  for  the  training  of  analytical  chem- 
ists and  microscopists  will  be  granted  that  degree.  The  combined 
program  of  work  may  be  completed  in  five  terms. 

Inorganic  and  Analytical  Chemistry,  6. — Urine  Analysis, 
qualitative  and  quantitative.  The  detection  and  determination  of 
constituents  of  urine  which  are  of  importance  in  the  diagnosis  of 
disease. 

Twenty-seven  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each. — Professor 
Whittelsey  and  Mr.  Lundell. 

Organic  Chemistry,  Course  7. — More  Advanced  Work  in  Or- 
ganic Analysis. — Water  Analysis.  The  examination  of  oils,  fats, 
waxes,  soaps  and  other  industrial  materials  and  products. 

Three  laboratory  periods  of  three  hours  each  through  one 
semester  of  eighteen  weeks. — Assistant  Professor  Patterson. 

Bacteriology. — Lectures  one  hour  weekly  and  laboratory  work 
nine  hours  weekly  through  nine  weeks.  The  most  approved  methods 
are  taught. 

Bacteria  in  health  and  disease.  Culture  Media.  Culture  Meth- 
ods. Staining.  Identification  of  some  of  the  more  common  bacteria 
of  earth,  air  and  water.  Toxins  and  antitoxins. 

Non-pathogenic  germs  are  first  used  for  purposes  of  instruc- 
tion. The  common  disease  producing  bacteria  are  then  studied. 

The  course  is  a practical  one,  enabling  the  student  to  fit  him- 
self to  do  successfully  the  bacteriological  work  ordinarily  required 
for  medical  diagnosis  and  for  sanitary  purposes. — Professor  Pond 
and  Mr.  Jensen. 

Manufacturing,  9. — Miscellaneous  Preparations  and  Products. 
— Unofficial  pharmaceutical,  medicinal,  surgical,  sanitary,  dietetic 
and  other  articles  usually  supplied  by  pharmacists,  including  surgical 
dressings,  antiseptics,  toilet  preparations,  perfumery,  flavoring  ex- 
tracts, etc. 

About  twelve  lectures. — Professor  Oldherg. 

Pharmacy,  10. — The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  and 
Pharmacopoeias  of  Other  Countries. — Lectures  and  recitations  on 
the  character,  scope  and  functions  of  pharmacopoeias.  A systematic 
study  of  the  essential  distinctive  features  of  the  text  of  the  Ameri- 
can Pharmacopoeia. 

How  it  is  constructed. 


Northwestern  University. 


11 


The  principles  of  construction  of  systematic  pharmaceutical 
nomenclature  and  its  relations  to  proper  classification  of  the  medi- 
cinal substances.  The  bearings  of  the  nomenclature  upon  scientific 
pharmacy.  Latinic  and  non-latinic  titles.  Non-systematic  names. 
The  latinity  of  the  American  pharmacopoeial  nomenclature. 

Every  American  student  of  pharmacy  should  own  and  study 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  School  of 
Pharmacy  of  Northwestern  University  that  law-book  for  the  pharm- 
acist is  studied  in  the  class  room,  book  in  hand.  Each  student 
is  expected  to  have  the  text  before  him  at  every  recitation. 

Comparative  study  of  the  pharmacopoeias  of  the  world,  their 
scope,  their  style  of  construction,  materia  mediea,  chemistry,  phar- 
macy, nomenclature,  preparations,  and  other  important  features. 

A course  of  about  twelve  lectures. — Professor  Oldberg . 

Pharmacy,  11. — The  Prof essioml- Technical  Duties  and  Bespon- 
sibilities  of  Pharmacists , including  the  relations  of  pharmacists  to 
the  medical  profession  and  the  community. 

The  Prescription ; its  construction  and  interpretation.  The  pre- 
scription table  and  its  problems.  Dispensing. 

The  demands  of  modern  scientific  medicine  upon  the  pharmacist 
of  this  country. 

Pharmacy  laws,  poison  laws,  etc. 

A course  of  about  twelve  lectures. — Professor  Oldberg. 

Pharmacy,  12. — Laboratory  Course  in  Dispensing. — It  is  now 
generally  conceded  that  a systematic  course  of  laboratory  training 
in  the  art  of  making  extemporaneous  pharmaceutical  preparations 
and  in  compounding  and  dispensing  medicines  must  be  a funda- 
mental and  crowning  feature  of  any  first-class  school  of  Pharmacy. 
In  the  Dispensing  Laboratory  of  the  School  of  Pharmacy  of  North- 
western University  (the  first  workshop  of  its  kind)  the  student 
sees  and  learns  to  use  an  outfit  of  dispensing  apparatus  many 

times  as  extensive  as  can  be  found  in  many  of  the  best  drug  stores 

together.  Every  student  is  required  to  make  a great  variety  of 

extemporaneous  preparations.  The  lessons  are  systematically  pre- 
pared or  selected  with  the  view  to  include  all  important  phases  of 
work  at  the  dispensing  table  with  all  kinds  of  materials  and  by 
all  the  different  methods  practiced.  A practical  experimental  study 
of  incompatibilities  is  included  in  this  course. 

Two  laboratory  periods  of  two  hours  each,  weekly,  through 

eighteen  weeks. — Mr.  Eccles. 

Human  Anatomy  and  Physiology. — This  course  is  intended  to 
sufficiently  acquaint  the  student  with  the  morphology  and  physiology 
of  the  human  body  to  enable  him  to  understand  the  processes  of 
digestion,  assimilation,  circulation,  respiration  and  nerve  action,  and 
the  physiological  action  of  drugs. 

A course  of  eighteen  lectures  and  recitations. — Assistant  Pro- 
fessor Kahn. 

Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics. — About  thirty-six  lectures 
and  recitations  on  the  properties,  action,  uses  and  doses  of  drugs 
and  their  preparations,  together  with  a discussion  of  poisons  and 
their  toxic  effects  and  antidotes. — Assistant  Professor  Kahn. 


12 


Courses  in  Chemistry. 


PROGRAMME  OF  WORK. 

— Hours  per  week. — 

First  Term.  Lectures.  Laboratory. 

Inorganic  and  Analytical  Chemistry. 

1.  Inorganic  Chemistry  5 

2.  Inorganic  Chemistry  

(2)  9 

3A.  Qualitative  Analysis  

Botany  and  Microscopy. 

1.  General  Botany  2 

2 A.  The  Microscope  and  Its  Use 

5 

2B.  Microscopic  Structure  of  Plants 

Manufacturing. 


2.  Materials  1 

3.  Manipulations  1 

6.  Materials  and  Operations  of  Manufacturing  9 


Second  Term . 

Analytical  Chemistry. 

3B.  Qualitative  Analysis  (continued)  . 

1 or  2 9 


4.  Quantitative  Analysis,  Volumetric 

Microscopy  and  Pharmacognosy. 

3.  Pharmacognosy  1 5 

Manufacturing. 

1.  Weights,  Measures  and  Chemical  Arithmetic  2 

7.  Manufacture  of  Inorganic  Chemical  Prepar- 

ations   9 

Third  Term. 

Analytical  Chemistry. 

5.  Quantitative  Analysis,  Gravimetric 

Organic  Chemistry.  9 

3.  Organic  Chemical  Operations 

1.  General  Organic  Chemistry.  5 

6.  Drug  Assaying  9 

Mineralogy  and  Ore  Assaying. 

1.  Mineralogy  2 4 

Microscopy  and  Pharmacognosy. 

4.  Commercial  Microscopy  6 

Manufacturing. 

8.  Organic  Drugs  2 

Fourth  Term. 

Chemistry. 

7.  Quantitative  Analysis,  Advanced 9 

Organic  Chemistry. 

4.  Alkaloids,  Glucosides,  etc 1 

5.  Food  and  Sanitary  Analysis 1 12 

Mineralogy  and  Ore  Assaying. 

2.  Ore  Assaying 1 6 

Manufacturing. 

5.  Applied  Inorganic  Pharmaceutical  and 

Manufacturing  Chemistry  2 


Northwestern  University.  18 

DATES  OP  ADMISSION. 

The  laboratories  of  Northwestern  University  in  which 
these  courses  are  given  are  open  nearly  eleven  months  in 
each  year.  That  time  is  divided  into  two  terms  of  eighteen 
weeks  each  and  one  term  of  seven  weeks. 

The  Fall  Term  begins  in  the  second  week  of  September 
and  ends  at  the  beginning  of  February. 

The  Spring  Term  begins  in  the  first  week  of  February 
and  ends  about  the  middle  of  June. 

Students  may  enter  at  the  beginning  of  either  the 
Fall  Term  or  the  Spring  Term. 

Four  terms  of  eighteen  weeks  each  are  required 

FOR  THE  COMPLETION  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  TRAINING  OFFERED 

to  students  desiring  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  occupa- 
tion of  general  and  analytical  chemists  and  microscopists. 

THE  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 

The  Summer  Term  begins  on  the  Monday  immediately 
preceding  the  Annual  Commencement  of  the  University  on 
the  third  Thursday  of  June. 

The  courses  given  in  the  Summer  Term  are  arranged 
for  the  convenience  and  benefit  of  students  who  wish  to  take 
additional  work,  or  to  review  or  repeat  one  or  two  individ- 
ual courses,  or  to  distribute  their  work  over  an  additional 
period  in  order  to  be  enabled  thereby  to  hold  positions  where- 
by they  may  earn  part  of  their  expenses,  and  for  special  stu- 
dents, graduates  and  non-graduates,  who  desire  to  take  some 
one  or  two  of  the  special  courses  offered. 

The  laboratory  courses  given  in  the  Summer  Term  are 
such  as  can  be  satisfacorily  completed  in  seven  weeks  with 
twelve  or  twenty-four  hours’  work  weekly.  Two  or  three 
such  courses  can  accordingly  be  carried  together. 

Among  the  courses  which  may  be  taken  in  the  summer 
school  are  those  in : Pharmaceutical  Preparations , from 
12  to  24  hours  weekly;  Dispensing , 12  hours  weekly;  Quali- 
tative Analysis , 12  or  24  hours  weekly ; Quantitative  Analysis , 
12  or  24  hours  weekly;  Urine  Analysis , 12  hours  weekly; 
Plant  Histology , 12  hours  weekly;  Pharmacognosy , 12  hours 
weekly;  Drug  Assaying , 12  to  24  hours  weekly;  Commercial 
Microscopy , 15  hours  weekly;  Food  Analysis , 15  to  24  hours 
weekly;  and  Bacteriology , 12  hours  weekly. 

Pharmacists,  physicians,  chemists,  teachers  and  others 
may  avail  themselves  of  these  summer  courses. 


14 


Courses  in  Chemistry. 


ADMISSION  REQUIREMENTS. 

For  admission  to  these  courses  for  the  training  of  an- 
alytical chemists  and  microscopists  students  must  possess  a 
general  education  equivalent  to  that  required  for  gradua- 
tion from  a high  school  of  the  best  grade. 

GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

The  conditions  of  promotion  and  the  granting  of  cer- 
tificates include : Satisfactory  deportment,  due  observance 
of  the  rules,  regular  attendance  during  the  full  period  pre- 
scribed, satisfactory  completion  of  the  required  work,  good 
standing  in  the  recitations  and  examinations  throughout  the 
courses,  diligence  and  success  in  the  laboratory  work,  pay- 
ment in  full  of  all  dues,  and  the  settlement  of  all  accounts. 

CREDITS. 

Any  student  presenting  proper  evidence  of  having  satis- 
factorily'completed  in  any  approved  school  any  one  or  more 
of  the  courses  of  study  or  laboratory  work  included  in  the 
programme  of  study  may,  if  desired,  receive  such  credit 
therefor  as  may  be  consistent  with  the  prescribed  require- 
ments. 


EXPENSES  AND  DEPOSITS. 

The  matriculation  fee , payable  payable  only  once  and  before 
registration,  is  $5.  It  is  not  returnable. 

The  tuition  fee  for  the  special  program  of  instruction 
and  laboratory  work  arranged  for  the  training  of  chemists 
and  microscopists  is  $65.00  for  each  term  of  eighteen  weeks. 
This  sum  covers  the  cost  of  regents  and  other  chemicals  used 
in  the  laboratory  work. 

The  tuition  fee  for  individual  laboratory  courses,  taken 
separately,  whether  taken  in  the  summer  terms  or  at  other 
times,  is  about  $10  for  each  course  of  about  eighty  to  eighty- 
four  hours,  or  $20  for  a course  of  twice  that  amount  of  work. 
This  fee  includes  drugs,  chemicals  and  other  laboratory 
materials  consumed. 

Students  taking  partial,  divided  or  special  courses  are 
required  to  pay  tuition  fees  corresponding  tc  the  amount  of 
work  taken  by  them. 

A charge  is  made  of  two  dollars  per  term  for  the  use  of 
microscopes,  balances  and  other  apparatus,  and  for  their 
maintenance  and  replacement. 


Northwestern  University. 


15 


To  cover  the  cost  of  apparatus  lost,  destroyed  or  dam- 
aged, and  any  damage  willfully  or  needlessly  inflicted  to 
building,  furniture  or  other  property,  each  student  is  re- 
quired to  make  a deposit  of  $5  before  being  assigned  tables 
in  the  laboratories.  This  deposit  is  intended  to  cover  the 
whole  term  and  is  in  most  cases  sufficient  for  that  purpose. 
But  students  who  may  damage  or  destroy  apparatus  or  other 
university  property  to  the  value  of  more  than  the  amount 
of  their  deposits  will  be  required  to  make  good  the  damage 
in  addition.  Deductions  will  be  made  from  the  deposit  to 
cover  the  cost  of  avoidable  loss  or  breakage  and  articles  not 
returned. 

Each  student  is  charged  for  any  damage  or  loss  for  which 
he  is  individually  responsible  and  for  his  pro  rata  share  of 
damage  or  loss  the  responsibility  for  which  can  not  be  indi- 
vidually located.  The  remainder  of  his  deposit  is  returned  to 
each  student  at  the  end  of  the  term  or  whenever  he  discon- 
tinues his  attendance. 

Certain  indispensable  articles  (not  materials  consumed) 
are  necessarily  furnished  for  the  convenience  of  students 
and  to  render  the  work  effective  and  orderly.  These  articles 
include,  for  example,  note-books,  drawing-books,  dissecting 
needles  for  use  in  the  microscopical  laboratory,  aprons  and 
sleeves,  additional  pieces  of  apparatus  required  to  replace 
those  broken  or  lost,  etc.  For  this  purpose  each  student  is 
required  to  obtain  a coupon  ticket  to  the  amount  of  $5.  Sup- 
plies of  this  kind  are  issued  in  no  other  way.  Unused  cou- 
pons are  redeemed  at  the  end  of  the  year  or  whenever  the 
student  discontinues  his  attendance. 

The  fee  for  the  certificate  payable  not  later  than  two 
weeks  before  the  same,  is  $10. 

Individual  lockers  are  rented  to  students  at  $1  each. 
That  rental  covers  the  whole  period  of  the  student’s  unin- 
terrupted attendance,  whether  that  be  one  or  two  terms. 

SEPARATE  COURSES  IN  ANY  DEPARTMENT. 

Any  student  may  take  any  one  or  more  of  the  separate 
courses  given  in  Pharmacy,  Botany,  Inorganic  Chemistry, 
Qualitative  Analysis,  Quantitative  Analysis,  Organic  Anal- 
sis,  Pharmacography,  Dispensing,  Urine  Analysis,  Bacteri- 
ology, or  other  subjects,  at  his  option,  and  will  receive  full 
credit  for  all  such  work  when  satisfactorily  done.  This  ap- 
plies both  to  the  didatic  courses  and  to  the  laboratory  work. 


16  Courses  in  Chemistry . 

But  no  student  will  be  received  for  a less  period  than  one 
term. 

WOMEN. 

Women  being  admitted  to  the  classes,  there  is  provided 
a separate  study  and  dressing  room  for  their  exclusive  use. 

EARLY  ENROLLMENT. 

All  the  students  intending  to  enter  upon  this  course 
of  study  will  find  it  a great  advantage  to  write  early  for  in- 
formation and  matriculate  in  good  season. 

BOARD  AND  ROOM. 

Very  good  board  and  room  together  can  be  secured  near 
Northwestern  University  Building  at  from  $4  to  $6  per 
week.  Students  may  also  secure  rooms  and  board  separately. 
Information  in  regard  to  these  matters  and  addresses  of  re- 
liable and  satisfactory  private  boarding  places  and  furnished 
rooms  will  be  supplied.  Good  accommodations  are  plentiful, 
and  satisfactory  arrangements  can  be  quickly  made  by  each 
student  immediately  upon  his  arrival.  It  is  wholly  un- 
necessary and  rarely  advantageous  to  secure  board  and  room 
in  advance. 


